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Enbridge Pipeline System
The Enbridge Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system which transports crude oil and dilbit from Canada to the United States. The system exceeds in length including multiple paths. More than of the system is in the United States while the rest is in Canada and serves the Athabasca oil sands production facilities. Main parts of the system are Enbridge System (Canadian Mainline) and Lakehead System (U.S. Mainline).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Enbridge )〕 On average, it delivers of crude oil and other products to the major oil refineries in the American Midwest and the Canadian province of Ontario. The Canadian portion is owned by Enbridge, while the U.S. portion is partly owned by that company through Enbridge Energy Partners, LP, formerly known as Lakehead Pipe Line Partners and Lakehead Pipe Line Company.
==Background==
The first portion of the pipeline was built over the course of 150 days in 1950 by a 1,500-man labor force. It crossed approximately from Redwater, Alberta, through Saskatchewan, Manitoba, North Dakota, and Minnesota, to the Great Lakes seaport of Superior, Wisconsin. At the same time, four oil tankers were constructed to carry the crude from Superior to oil refineries in Sarnia, Ontario. Oil first entered the pipe on August 25, 1950, and the first tanker, ''Imperial LeDuc'', was launched on November 4. Other tankers that followed were, ''Imperial Redwater'', ''Imperial Woodbend'', and ''B.A. Peerless''.〔Patrick Lapinski (Spring 2005). (The Port's Past: Not Your Classic Mix. ) ''Duluth Seaway Port Authority Magazine'' .〕
Because the lakes froze in the winter, preventing tanker traffic, the decision was soon made to expand the pipeline all the way to Sarnia. In May 1953, contracts were awarded and construction began. At , it became the world's longest pipeline. A major upgrade was undertaken in the 1990s to replace old pipe and expand the system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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